Overview
- Smoking increases the probability of getting cancer by 5x. Being 50 years old increases it by 1000x. This also applies to heart diseases, dementia and diabetes
- STACS (Sirtuin Activating Compounds): kill senescent cells
- Butein: have an effect on Sir1
- Resveratrol: combined with fasting, it can amount to 115 years
- NAD: boosts all 7 sirtuins
- NAMPT gene
- NMN: boosts NAD, boosting the activity of SRT2 enzyme
- If you put telomerase into senescent cells, they don't ever senesce
- Senescence: a short telomarase loses histone packaging, so DNA exposes, the cell thinks it's a DNA break and sometimes fuses 2 ends of at different chromosomes. Potencially becomes cancer
- DNA breaks: cells stop dividing while trying to repair the damage (epigenomic changes)
- Rapamycin: increases lifespan
- High blood sugar speeds up epigenetic clock
- Metformin: also used for diabetes, less than $5 per month. Side effect: stomach discomfort. Protection from cancer. Mimics calorie restriction, limiting metabolic reactions in the mitochondria, activates AMPK
- AMPK: enzyme. Responds to low energy levels, restores function of the mitochondira. Activates SIR1
- Senolytics: senescent cells killers (induce program cell death)
- Senescent cells can accumulate in osteoarthritis and glaucoma
- Junk DNA/retrotransposons: are silenced by sirtuins if not, cells transcribes those genes
- PD-1, PD-LI: expose cancer cells so they can be killed
- Shinya Yamanaka genes: Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, c-Myc. They code for powerful transcription factors that move cells around during embryonic development. If we're given too much, things could go wrong and die or get cancer